what is 3d printer. Explain 3D printer and give types and examples? Solution of any Engineering Problem?

 TASK 1

3D Printer

What is 3D Printer?

A 3D printer is a type of material design printer that designs and builds 3D models and products of devices and components using an additive manufacturing process.

3D printers design three-dimensional prototypes and create the end product by directly building them using computer aided design (CAD) or software-created 3D design diagrams, figures and patterns.

3D printers may also be called additive manufacturing printers or fabrication printers.

Types of 3D printing

There are so many types of 3D printer. Some of them are:

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, processes have been categorized into seven groups by ISO/ASTM 52900 additive manufacturing - general principles - terminology. All forms of 3D printing fall into one of the following types:

• Binder Jetting
• Direct Energy Deposition
• Material Extrusion
• Material Jetting
• Powder Bed Fusion
• 
  
• Examples of 3D Printer:
• Binder Jetting
• Binder jetting deposits a thin layer of powered material, for example metal, polymer sand or ceramic, onto the build platform, after which drops of adhesive are deposited by a print head to bind the particles together. This builds the part layer by layer and once this is complete post processing may be necessary to finish the build. As examples of post processing, metal parts may be thermally sintered or infiltrated with a low melting point metal such as bronze, while full-color polymer or ceramic parts may be saturated with cyanoacrylate adhesive.
• 
  
  
  
  
• Binder jetting can be used for a variety of applications including 3D metal printing, full color prototypes and large-scale ceramic Moulds.
• Material Extrusion
• Material extrusion or fused deposition modelling (FDM) uses a spool of filament which is fed to an extrusion head with a heated nozzle. The extrusion head heats, softens and lays down the heated material at set locations, where it cools to create a layer of material, the build platform then moves down ready for the next layer.
• 
  
  
  
  
• This process is cost-effective and has short lead times but also has a low dimensional accuracy and often requires post processing to create a smooth finish. This process also tends to create anisotropic parts, meaning that they are weaker in one direction and therefore unsuitable for critical applications.
• Material Jetting
• Material jetting works in a similar manner to inkjet printing except, rather than laying down ink on a page, this process deposits layers of liquid material from one or more print heads. The layers are then cured before the process begins again for the next layer. Material jetting requires the use of support structures, but these can be made from a water-soluble material that can be washed away once the build is complete.
• 
  
  
  
  
• A precise process, material jetting is one of the most expensive 3D printing methods, and the parts tend to be brittle and will degrade over time. However, this process allows for the creation of full-color parts in a variety of materials.
• Powder Bed Fusion
• Powder bed fusion (PBF) is a process in which thermal energy (such as a laser or electron beam) selectively fuses areas of a powder bed to form layer, and layers are built upon each other to create a part. One thing to note is that PBF covers both sintering and melting processes. The basic method of operation of all powder bed systems is the same: a recoating blade or roller deposits a thin layer of the powder onto the build platform, the powder bed surface is then scanned with a heat source which selectively heats the particles to bind them together. Once a layer or cross-section has been scanned by the heat source, the platform moves down to allow the process to begin again on the next layer. The final result is a volume containing one or more fused parts surrounded by unaffected powder. When the build is complete, the bed is fully raised to allow the parts to be removed from the unaffected powder and any required post processing to begin
• 
  
• 
  
  .
• Selective laser sintering (SLS) is often used for manufacture of polymer parts and is good for prototypes or functional parts due to the properties produced, while the lack of support structures (the powder bed acts as a support) allows for the creation of pieces with complex geometries. The parts produced may have a grainy surface and inner porosity, meaning there is often a need for post processing.  

TASK 2

Problem Identification:

All of us have seen these ‘chotus’ sometimes working in a barber shop or a tea stall.

There is no crime more heinous than letting a child, a little human, work to make both ends meet. It is against humanity and ethics, and a vicious cycle of poverty. It is a basic right of every child born to live his childhood carefree, happy and healthy

Problem Statement : 

In Pakistan, many children are working to support their big families, at the cost of their education and life dreams. They work in restaurants, department stores, workshops, and public transport, and in worst-case scenarios, children beg on the roads and in the streets.

Solutions:

help us in solving this problem by filling this form your opinion is really matter

FORM LINK